Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal
Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and EthicsSouth Kazakhstan Medical Academyen-USCentral Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics2708-9800HOW PHD STUDIES CAN BE IMPROVED IN KAZAKHSTAN IN VIEW OF ADVANCES IN DIGITIZATION AND ONLINE EDUCATION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/282
<p>The current era is marked by digitization, which has significantly shifted scientific research, reporting, and publishing methods. Digital technologies have emerged as powerful instruments that can substantially improve education. Since gaining independence, Kazakhstan has made significant strides in developing its higher education system, particularly in doctoral education. Despite the achievements in the level and quality of doctoral studies in Kazakhstan over the past decade, the country’s postgraduate students still need help. This review aims to assess the current situation of doctoral studies in Kazakhstan and suggest possible ways to improve postgraduate programs. To improve postgraduate programs in Kazakhstan, the country’s doctoral students must undergo additional training through online modules, webinars, lessons or seminars on research methodology and ethics to ensure scholarly performance. It is also necessary to expand advanced training courses for statistical services at universities, develop specialized seminars designed for graduate students in related fields, such as biomedicine, medical biophysics, genetic engineering, etc., and provide opportunities for retraining specialists in the field of statistics and ethics of scientific research in the workplace.</p>A. Auanassova
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2024-02-292024-02-294419119810.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.01INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/283
<p>A broad range of teamwork styles and practices characterizes the present state of science. Working together across organizational and cultural boundaries widens the horizons of scientific discovery. Collaborative research initiatives that span international borders frequently yield results that surpass the accomplishments of individual teams working alone. Collaboration among scientists is an essential aspect of the advancement of all scientific disciplines, particularly in the field of clinical medicine. Cultural and international diversity involvement in projects can be advantageous for scientific progress. However, it also brings specific difficulties, potential hazards, and drawbacks. Some of the significant difficulties identified are related to the physical distance between people and the variations in culture, language, and career level. This review analyzes the benefits and challenges associated with international scientific collaboration and strategies for effective collaboration.</p>A. Auanassova
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2024-02-292024-02-294419920510.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.02OSTEOPOROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/284
<p>Mastocytosis is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of clonal mast cells. One of the systems that may be affected in patients with mastocytosis is the skeletal system. Osteolysis, osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteosclerosis may occur as a result of skeletal system involvement. Osteoporosis is seen in more than 1/5 of these patients and the disease may even present with multiple fractures. Underlying factors of the deterioration of bone health in systemic mastocytosis include mast cell infiltration and systemic release of mast cell mediators, increased number of osteoclasts, and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Taking preventive measures for bone health disorders in patients with systemic mastocytosis, implementing screening protocols and treating osteoporosis appropriately if it develops are extremely important in preventing fragility fractures. The aim of this review is to provide an insight to the changes in bone tissue in patients with mastocytosis.</p>I. Coskun BenlidayiE. Boga Vijdan
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2024-02-292024-02-294420621110.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.03JANUS KINASE INHIBITORS FOR RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS TREATMENT: A HYPOTHESIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/285
<p>Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease marked by recurrent episodes of inflammation impacting cartilaginous structures. The underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated; however, comprehensive genetic and histopathological evaluations have revealed the involvement of specific genes, cell-mediated immunity, and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of RP. The spectrum of symptoms associated with this condition ranges from mild manifestations to severe, life-threatening presentations. Treatment options vary depending on the disease severity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, dapsone, and systemic corticosteroids are commonly utilized as first-line therapeutic options. Furthermore, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are employed as second-line treatment. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data regarding the use of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in RP patients as a treatment option. This hypothesis suggests that JAKi may be a viable treatment option for relieving symptoms in these patients.</p>N. Gokcen
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2024-02-292024-02-294421221710.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.04FIBROMYALGIA AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS, A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY USING THE 2016 ACR FIBROMYALGIA CRITERIA
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/286
<p><strong>Aim and Objectives:</strong> Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disorder characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain that affects various parts of the body. This study aims to investigate the presence of FM among medical students.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional anonymous online-based questionnaire that included the 2016 revision of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) fibromyalgia criteria, along with demographics and lifestyle data, was distributed among the closed social media groups of the medical students at the University of Jordan.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 332 responses were received, with a response rate of 28% of the target population. Of the responders, 65% were females. Chronic body pain was reported by 40% of the subjects. FM criteria were met in 6% of the students. The severity of FM symptoms was related to the female gender but not to poor academic performance or lifestyle habits. Only 30% of the respondents meeting the criteria for FM had previously discussed their symptoms with a clinician. A literature search of published studies among students revealed nine studies, 4 of which targeted medical students, with prevalence ranging from 2 -12.5%.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of FM in medical students seems to be twice as high as in the general population. FM is often overlooked in medical students, who tend not to seek medical assistance. The findings recommend a greater emphasis on early detection of FM in medical students, coupled with suitable interventions.</p>F. AlnaimatM. AbusheikhaS. AldherasiM. AlMomaniS.A. AlRyalat
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2024-02-292024-02-294421823010.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.05METHOTREXATE-RELATED OSTEOPATHY AS AN OVERLOOKED COMPLICATION: A CASE SERIES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/287
<p>Low dose methotrexate (MTX) still remains as the cornerstone in the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Clinicians have been aware of common side effects of MTX for over five decades, whereas there have been rarely seen and relatively easily overlooked complications that had been reported to be associated with MTX in the literature, such as MTX osteopathy. The use of high doses of MTX has been demonstrated to have negative effects on bone formation and bone mineral density as well as long-term low dose, which is relatively less common. Diagnosis of MTX osteopathy might be challenging as there is no specific clinical features. Herein, we present 3 patients with RA diagnosis who developed MTX osteopathy during follow-ups.</p>M. AjderR. YildirimE. BodakçiD. Üsküdar CansuC. Korkmaz
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2024-02-292024-02-294423123510.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.06IS A FAMED BIOCHEMICAL REAGENT NAMED FOLIN-CIOCALTEAU OR FOLIN-CIOCALTEU?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/288
<p>IS A FAMED BIOCHEMICAL REAGENT NAMED FOLIN-CIOCALTEAU OR FOLIN-CIOCALTEU?</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2024-02-292024-02-294423624010.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.07OBSTACLES TO PUBLICATION ACTIVITY
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/289
<p>OBSTACLES TO PUBLICATION ACTIVITY</p>I. Coskun Benlidayi
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2024-02-292024-02-294424124310.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.4.08PERSPECTIVES ON MALE AGING AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/268
<p>This article provides an in-depth analysis of the molecular and cellular alterations linked to the aging process in males. It elucidates the physiological disruptions that give rise to different diseases and a decrease in functional ability. The inquiry explores the complex correlation between aging, sexual dysfunction, and infertility in males, with a focus on the physiological alterations in spermatogonial stem cells and the impact of oxidative stress on male reproductive capacity. The function of testosterone replacement therapy and its potential advantages in enhancing sexual activity, bone density, and overall health in older males are highlighted. Nevertheless, it is prudent to exercise caution as there is a correlation between testosterone replacement therapy and heightened cardiovascular risk. The article summarizes rehabilitation options for elderly men, specifically focusing on exercise regimens and cardiac rehabilitation, as means to tackle erectile dysfunction and mitigate mortality risks. The advantages of yoga in enhancing mental and physical well-being in males, particularly those grappling with prostate cancer or infertility are mentioned. The significance of adopting a comprehensive and interdisciplinary strategy towards men's health is emphasized, with particular attention given to the contributions of primary care physicians, urologists, and nurses. The significance of customized communication tactics for males and the necessity of periodic examinations for promoting healthier aging are emphasized.</p>Yuliya FedorchenkoBurhan Fatih Kocyigit
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2023-12-292023-12-294414615410.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.01JACCOUD’S ARTHROPATHY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSIS: A CASE REPORT
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/269
<p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. Musculoskeletal problems (e.g. arthralgia, inflammatory arthritis, and non-erosive arthritis) are the first symptom in roughly 80% of individuals. Jaccoud’s arthropathy, which is regarded as reversible, non-erosive, and deforming arthropathy, can be observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in relation to tenosynovitis, capsule retraction, ligament laxity, and muscular imbalance. Risk factors include longer disease duration, higher titers of rheumatoid factor, and anti–double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) antibody positivity. In the current article, a case with SLE and associated Jaccoud’s arthropathy was presented.</p>Ilke Coskun BenlidayiEmre UlutasCeren OrnekEmre Tirasci
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2023-12-292023-12-294415515810.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.02HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOARTHROPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH HETEROZYGOUS MUTATION IN THE SLCO2A1 GENE: A CASE REPORT
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/270
<p>Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a condition characterized by aberrant skin and osseous tissue proliferation in the distal extremities. Mutations in the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene (HPGD) and the soluble carrier organic anion carrier family member 2A1 gene (SLCO2A1) were associated with primary HOA. Secondary HOA, which is also called as 'hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy' is responsible for 95-97% of cases. Herein, we present a 19-year-old female patient with primary HOA and heterozygous mutation in the SLCO2A1 gene.</p>Ilke Coskun BenlidayiKubra TuncerTunay Sarpel
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2023-12-292023-12-294415916210.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.03ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF CHATGPT IN THE CONTEXT OF DRAFTING SCHOLARLY ARTICLES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/271
<p>Incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, in academic endeavors has attracted significant interest due to its ability to optimize procedures and enhance human capacities. ChatGPT serves as an informed partner, assisting researchers in doing literature reviews, generating ideas, and even composing scholarly articles. Nevertheless, this revolutionary technology gives rise to ethical considerations in scientific investigation, namely authorship, information-data privacy, and bias. The article thoroughly examines the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT for academic purposes. The benefits are seen in its effectiveness in retrieving information, surpassing language obstacles, boosting the synthesis of literature, easing the production of ideas, and assisting in the outlining of manuscripts. On the other hand, the complicated nature of using ChatGPT in scholarly activities is emphasized by worries about scientific integrity, the possibility of spreading disinformation, excessive dependence, and security and privacy issues. Finding a middle ground between utilizing the advantages of ChatGPT and maintaining academic integrity is crucial. Analyzing the dynamics will be crucial in navigating the changing junction of AI and research activities.</p>Burhan Fatih KocyigitAlikhan Zhaksylyk
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2023-12-292023-12-294416316710.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.04MANUSCRIPTS WITH FAKE CHATGPT-CREATED REFERENCES: A CASE STUDY
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/272
<p>As a continued theme in citation abuses and the need to reform the culture of citation in academic publishing, as well as an extension of the exploration of authors’ rights, this letter highlights a case in which an author’s name was abused in a fabricated citation in a preprints.org preprint that was ultimately retracted. As a punitive measure, the preprints’ authors were blacklisted. The first author then republished (minus the previous co-authors) a modified preprint at another preprint server, Research Square, where it was also retracted for the presence of fictitious citations. In such cases, it is argued that authors whose names are abused in fictitious citations, created by ChatGPT or otherwise, as identified by real authors or the paper’s readers, should have the right to not want to be cited in this manner, because it may carry with it negative reputational consequences. There are also negative reputational consequences for journals which appear in fictional citations.</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2023-12-292023-12-294416817110.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.05MY LIFE AS AN EDITOR AND CONSULTANT OF MEDICAL JOURNALS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/273
<p>MY LIFE AS AN EDITOR AND CONSULTANT OF MEDICAL JOURNALS</p>Farrokh Habibzadeh
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2023-12-292023-12-294417217510.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.06PREDATORY PUBLISHING AND WASTE OF RESOURCE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/274
<p>PREDATORY PUBLISHING AND WASTE OF RESOURCE</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2023-12-292023-12-294417617810.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.3.07EFFECTIVENESS OF REFORMER PILATES EXERCISES ON SYMPTOMS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN WITH BLADDER AND BOWEL DYSFUNCTION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/248
<p><strong>Objective</strong><strong>. </strong>The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of reformer pilates exercises on symptoms and quality of life in children with bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>.</strong> Children diagnosed as having BBD by a physician and aged between 5-18 years were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: urotherapy group (control) and reformer pilates group (study). Written consent was obtained from both the children and the parents. Children in both groups received a standardized urotherapy. The study group also had 30 minutes of reformer pilates exercise sessions for 2 days a week. BBD symptoms were assessed using the Voiding Disorder Symptom Scoring (VDSS) and Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire (BBDQ). Quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ). Assessments were performed before and 8 weeks after the reformer pilates exercises.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><strong>.</strong> The study included 25 children (10 [40%] boys and 15 [60%] girls). Their median age was 9 years and their body mass index was 17.58 kg/m2. Of these 25 children, 16 were born by normal delivery, 9 of whom were delivered by cesarean section. None of the children used diapers during the day, but 10 of them continued to use diapers at night. The control (n = 16) and study (n = 9) groups were similar in terms of physical properties. The VDSS, BBDQ, and PinQ scores were significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). The decrease in BBDQ and VDSS scores were more prominent in the study group than in the control group. The clinical trial registration number of this study is NCT05779709 (ClinicalTrials.gov.)</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>.</strong> Reformer pilates exercises can provide additional benefits in the treatment of children with BBD as they were effective in reducing BDD symptoms and enhancing quality of life.</p>Fatma Nur ErçetinSerkan UsguSibel TiryakiYavuz Yakut
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2023-08-262023-08-2644677610.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.01THIAMINE AND HIGH DOSE INSULIN TREATMENT FOR SEPSIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/249
<p>Sepsis is a major health problem and accounts for 20% of deaths worldwide. It is the most expensive condition treated in United States hospitals at $62 billion per year or about $46,000 per patient. Treatment consisting largely of fluid resuscitation and antibiotics has only a marginal impact. Mortality is about 27% for hospitalised patients and about 42% for patients in intensive care. There are two phases of sepsis – a hyperinflammatory phase and a subsequent hypoinflammatory phase. During the hyperinflammatory phase, the metabolic rate increases, and this is associated with an increase in body temperature and a rapid escalation of immune system functioning including increased numbers of leucocytes and their migration to infected and damaged tissues and increased supply and consumption of glucose to fuel this immune system. During the subsequent hypoinflammatory phase, the metabolic rate decreases, and this is associated with a decrease in body temperature and a generalised decrease in the physiological activity of many organs including the immune system akin to hibernation. The activated immune system has priority for the available glucose over most other organs and physiological functions during such potentially life-threatening circumstances. Thus, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by mitochondria (the source of energy at the cellular level for the organism as a whole) also has a lower priority for the available glucose relative to the activated immune system. If glucose availability is threatened, then the mitochondrial production of ATP is partially or substantially suppressed in favour of glycolysis because glycolysis can rapidly produce large quantities of ATP that are necessary for immune cell function in infected, anaerobic, ischaemic, or damaged tissues. However, glycolysis is only a temporary fix as it cannot produce the quantities of ATP necessary on an ongoing basis for the normal functioning of the healthy animal. Mitochondrial production of ATP must be recommenced for full recovery. It appears that the partial or substantial suppression of mitochondrial production of ATP by activation of the immune response becomes relatively fixated in some patients, leading to a substantial ATP deficit. This is the fundamental issue of sepsis. This paper reviews the metabolism of glucose and insulin during sepsis and concludes that high dose insulin with mild hyperglycaemia in conjunction with the intravenous administration of thiamine, an inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzymes, to re-establish physiological ATP production by mitochondria, administered early in the hypometabolic (hypoinflammatory) phase of sepsis, may enhance survival relative to thiamine alone.</p>Patrick Bradley
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2023-08-262023-08-2644778810.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.02ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CANCER
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/250
<p>Although the relationship between cancer and electric potential has been studied for a long time, there are few published studies regarding this relationship. There is an electric potential difference between cancer and normal tissue, which disappears during chemotherapy. Furthermore, this electric potential difference increases in fast-growing cancers. Conversely, cancer may develop around abnormal electric potential differences in the body. These abnormal charges and electric potentials in the body can be removed by simply hugging a live tree growing in the ground. Alternatively, a tree growing in the ground and a conductive mat may be connected by conductors at several points, and a person may sleep on the conductive mat to dispel these charges. Humans and apes are genetically similar, and as apes live in trees, humans may be less likely to develop cancer if they are potentially balanced with trees growing on the ground.</p>Souichi Ishigame
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2023-08-262023-08-2644899210.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.03QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RENAL BLOOD PRESSURE USING NANOTECHNOLOGY INTERVENTION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/251
<p>The renal system is one of the major organ systems present in the human body, it is responsible for maintaining electrolyte balance, secreting important hormones, and maintaining homeostasis in the body. Every individual has 2 kidneys which are located behind the peritoneum at the level of L2-L3 from the vertebral column. Broadly kidneys function to filter blood, purify it, and eliminate toxic waste. We propose a diagnostic test that evaluates the renal blood flow rate in the kidneys and assesses their functioning based on their hemodynamics in the given time frame. Here we aim to explore the application of nanoparticles to assess localized blood pressure in the kidney based on the illumination intensity/radioactivity. Connexin40(Cx40) is a transmembrane protein present in juxtaglomerular apparatus, Cx40 gold antibodies prepared can be conjugated with nanoparticles and introduced in renal circulation. Imaging technologies such as fluorescence/computed tomography can be used to detect these nanoparticles. Once injected they can be assessed and information on renal blood flow can be obtained. The intensity generated on screening can be used for the assessment of renal blood pressure. This information will be valuable for the assessment of kidney function.</p>Parth ShahRoja Rani PallavaliDinneswara Reddy Guda
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2023-08-262023-08-2644939910.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.04TOXOPLASMOSIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA PUBLICATION ACTIVITY IN 1991-2023: A WEB OF SCIENCE-BASED BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/252
<p>Schizophrenia is a complicated mental condition marked by signs of psychosis, often leading to social and occupational decline. Schizophrenia has a complex etiology that is a result of the interplay between environmental factors (such as infectious illnesses) and a person's genetic disposition. Recent epidemiological research indicates that Toxoplasma gondii may cause schizophrenia. T. gondii-related studies in schizophrenia were the focus of this bibliometric analysis study. The Web of Science’s electronic database was used to find T. gondii-related studies in schizophrenia. Co-authorship analyses of countries and keyword co-occurrence analyses were carried out using the VOSviewer software. In this bibliometric study, the research topic of T. gondii-related publications in schizophrenia during the last 33 years has been laid out, with the nations, organizations, authors, journals, main keywords, citations, and the top documents contributing to the basic knowledge structure. The significant increase in yearly publications implies that this research area has acquired importance on a global scale, with the United States having the most articles. The main organizations and researchers working on T. gondii studies on schizophrenia have been identified by this study. The outcomes give a thorough overview of this study field's terrain.</p>Ali Emre ŞevikSevil Alkan
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2023-08-262023-08-264410011110.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.05ONLINE MEDICAL EDUCATION PERSPECTIVES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/253
<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Medical education should review online teaching methods so that doctors can use digital information effectively. Virtual education was well received during the pandemic, and teachers and students expressed satisfaction. However, male teachers and students adapted better than female teachers and students. Although online education has advantages, traditional offline education should only be replaced partially. Universities should focus on the development of virtual education and teacher training.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> We thoroughly analysed research works published on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus from the creation of these databases until May 2023. Our search terms included "Distance learning", "Online education", "Medical education", and "Central Asia", and we limited our search to English language articles. We also reviewed the literature lists of all the studies we found to identify potentially relevant articles. We carefully read all the studies and articles we identified, paying attention to the authors' names and publication dates to avoid data duplication.</p> <p><strong>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</strong><strong>. </strong>To conduct a thorough search, we searched for research articles published in journals that undergo peer review and are written in English. We only included studies that involved medical students and excluded articles that did not relate to distance learning, were published in non-peer-reviewed journals, or needed to be written in English.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>. </strong>Higher education faces similar challenges and opportunities in the post-pandemic era, despite variations in cultural backgrounds and educational systems across countries. Improvements are also needed in online medical education, which can be achieved through the development of online training courses, individual tracking, technical control, professional support, and specialised evaluation. Such improvements will make medical training more accessible and sustainable for doctors in all areas. Innovative technologies will be necessary to ensure high-quality medical education in the future.</p>Akerke Auanassova
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2023-08-262023-08-264411212210.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.06THE ABUSE OF AUTHORSHIP IN THE BIOMEDICAL LITERATURE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/254
<p>The ‘publish or perish’ culture has induced an unhealthy aspect of academic publishing in the biomedical sciences, namely of illegitimate authorship. Such a position can be obtained when an authorship slot is offered as a gift (e.g., to a sponsor, or researcher in a senior position), without their intellectual or scientific participation, or it can be hidden (ghost authorship), in which the paper (or parts thereof) is written by a third party (individual, or company). In a more industrialized setting, ghost authorship takes place via the sale of papers using “paper mills”, including of specific author slots (i.e., positions in a line of authors). While author-based persistent identifiers like ORCID, or authorship attribution schemes like CRediT, sound noble and offer some form of validation, those systems still operate on a culture of blind trust (in submitting authors). This paper debates a few of the authorship-related issues currently plaguing biomedical journals.</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2023-08-262023-08-264412312610.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.07MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/255
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION</p>Sevtap Acer Kasman
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2023-08-262023-08-264412713010.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.08AUTHORSHIP FOR SALE: A THREAT TO THE INTEGRITY OF THE PUBLISHING ENTERPRISE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/256
<p>AUTHORSHIP FOR SALE: A THREAT TO THE INTEGRITY OF THE PUBLISHING ENTERPRISE</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2023-08-262023-08-264413113310.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.2.09AN OVERVIEW OF MONKEYPOX OUTBREAK
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/232
<p>The proceeding 2022 multicountry epidemic of Monkeypox emerges as a global health concern. The first death outside of Africa appeared in Brazil on July 29, 2022, and the first death in Europe occurred in Spain on July 29, 2022. As a result, the World Health Organization announced the monkeypox epidemic as a global public health emergency on July 2022. Therefore, we aimed to present a review in light of contemporary facts. We conducted a review of current details on Monkeypox. Close contact is the best-known risk factor for human-to-human transmission; a pregnant woman can pass the virus to the fetus. The approximative incubation period is 10-14 days. Prodromal symptoms are fever, malaise, chills, and lymphadenopathy. Then clinicians observe that rash develops in most patients. Monkeypox usually takes 2-4 weeks on its own. The plurality of monkeypox patients recovers without treatment. However, some patients with complications may need treatment. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals may develop a longer disease because of eye infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Physicians use anamnesis, clinical signs, and laboratory tests to diagnose infection. Infected animals and patients should be quarantined. There is no specific vaccine still. Nevertheless, the smallpox vaccine protects 85% against monkeypox, according to early reports. Antiviral drugs, Tecovirimat, Cidofovir, Brincidofovir, and Human Vaccinia Immune Globulin, can potentially treat. Our review centers on clinical knowledge for the efficacious management, prevention, and guidance of monkeypox responders and patients globally.</p>Erhan KayaMusa ŞahinYavuzalp SolakOnur AcarCelal KuşMine Müjde KuşMuhammed Mustafa BeyoğluBurhan Fatih Koçyiğit
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2023-05-132023-05-1344132110.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.01BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATIONS ON HEPATITIS D VIRUS PUBLISHED IN 1984–2022
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/233
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Hepatitis D virus research has advanced in recent decades. In this study, we aim to quantitatively analyze the scientific data in the field of "hepatitis D virus" by using bibliometric analysis.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Research documents published in the Web of Science database between 1984 and 2022 were included in the study. The search keywords were "hepatitis D" or "hepatitis-D" or "HDV" or "hepatitis virus D." The full record and cited references of documents extracted were converted to a "<em>bibtex</em>" file as well. The R-Studio software's Bibliometrix package and Biblioshinny application are used to perform the bibliometric analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1530 publications written by 6042 authors were identified. Most of the publications were articles (62.81%). The number of published articles increased gradually, especially after 2008. The articles of the authors were mostly published in the United States, Germany, and China. The affiliation where the most studies were conducted was Hannover Medical School (8.82%). Also, the United States and Germany were found to be the main countries in the collaboration network. Mario Rizzetto was the author of the most published articles on HDV. The most frequently used words in the articles were "infection," "prevalence," and "b-virus."</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Clinical and epidemiological studies on HDV were given more focus, while studies on treatment were less numerous. It can also be predicted that potent treatment options will increase more in the coming years, and the frequency of studies on this will increase.</p>Mehmet ÇelikMehmet Reşat CeylanYusuf ArslanNevin Güler DinçerSevil Alkan
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2023-05-132023-05-1344223310.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.02UNFAMILIARITY WITH KEY ELEMENTS OF SCHOLARLY WRITING AND RESEARCH IMPEDES ETHICAL PUBLISHING
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/234
<p>Scientific authors must become familiar with the key elements of scholarly writing and research to ensure ethical publishing. They should be proficient in writing the different sections of scholarly articles. Their knowledge of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods procedures must be sufficiently deep, including how to develop research questions and hypotheses. The authors must aim to be flawless when drafting scholarly articles to facilitate a deeper understanding of the extracted concepts. They should avoid duplicate publication, plagiarism, and salami science. When conducting research, the authors should ensure protection of human subjects and avoid bias.</p>Edward Barroga
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2023-05-132023-05-1344343810.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.03ACADEMIA SHOULD STOP USING BEALL’S LISTS AND REVIEW THEIR USE IN PREVIOUS STUDIES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/235
<p>Academics (should) strive to submit to journals which are academically sound and scholarly. To achieve this, they could either submit to journals that appear exclusively on safelists (occasionally referred to as whitelists, although this term tends to be avoided), or avoid submitting to journals on watchlists (occasionally referred to as blacklists, although this term tends to be avoided). The most well-known of these lists was curated by Jeffrey Beall. Beall’s Lists (there are two, one for stand-alone journals and one for publishers) were taken offline by Beall himself in January 2017. Prior to 2017, Beall’s Lists were widely cited and utilized, including to make quantitative claims about scholarly publishing. Even after Beall’s Lists became obsolete (they have not been maintained for the past six years), they continue to be widely cited and used. This paper argues that the use of Beall’s Lists, pre- and post-2017, may constitute a methodological error and, even if papers carry a disclaimer or limitations section noting this weakness, their conclusions cannot always be relied upon. This paper also argues for the need to conduct a detailed post-publication assessment of reports in the literature that used Beall’s Lists to validate their findings and conclusions, assuming that it becomes accepted that Beall’s Lists are not a reliable resource for scientific investigation. Finally, this paper contends that any papers that have identified methodological errors should be corrected. Several lists that were cloned from Beall’s Lists have also emerged and are also being cited. These should also be included in any post-publication investigation that is conducted.</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da SilvaGraham Kendall
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2023-05-132023-05-1344394710.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.04MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER, ACTIVIST, AND VOLUNTEER
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/236
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER, ACTIVIST, AND VOLUNTEER</p>Nelly Ziade
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2023-05-132023-05-1344485110.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.05POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/237
<p>POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2023-05-132023-05-1344525410.47316/cajmhe.2023.4.1.06FDA-APPROVED INDICATIONS OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) AS A DRUG: DOES IT HAVE A PLACE IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT TODAY?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/214
<p>ACTH is a pituitary hormone important for proper function of adrenal glands, cortisol production as well as human physiology in general. It is involved in the pathogenesis of several endocrine disorders like Cushing syndrome and can be a useful diagnostic tool for diseases like primary adrenal insufficiency. Although popular as a hormone in endocrine system physiology and testing, ACTH has been used as a drug since the 1950s. Except for steroid-releasing properties, its mechanism of action involves a steroid-independent anti-inflammatory and possible immune-modulatory effect. Pharmaceutic ACTH has a wide range of indications approved by FDA and usually comes in the form of subcutaneous injections. In this narrative review, we accumulated what we considered as important data from reviews, cases and trials involving the most basic FDA-approved ACTH indications. A special emphasis was given on rheumatologic indications of ACTH. More large data studies need to be performed to assess ACTH usefulness, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness as a drug. </p>George IliopoulosDimitrios Daoussis
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2023-02-142023-02-144422023110.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.01EFFECT OF HYPERTENSION ON PAIN THRESHOLD IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/215
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Little is known about the relationship between pain and hypertension (HT). This study aimed to analyze the effect of HT on pain sensitivity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain complaints.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This analytical, cross-sectional study included 45 patients aged 29–75 years with HT. The control group comprised 44 normo/hypotensive patients aged 19–66 (P = 0.107). Education status, age, gender, height, weight, smoking, presence of diabetes mellitus, physical activity level, blood pressure measurement, anti-HT drug use, vital parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature, were recorded for all participants.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The pain score was significantly higher in the HT group, with a mean of 72.1 ± 30.2 points (P = 0.008). Also, the HT group’s systolic blood pressure and pain score were significantly positively correlated (<em>rho </em>= 0.245, P = 0.02). The pulse rate was found to be significantly related to the pain score and pain threshold (P < 0.001); it was negatively correlated with algometer values (<em>rho </em>= –0.286, P = 0.015). Systolic pressure (P = 0.033) and BMI ( P < 0.001) were significantly different among the groups according to physical activity level. The Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of diastolic blood pressure with the body mass index (<em>rho </em>= 0.224, P = 0.036) and pain score (<em>rho </em>= 0.456, P < 0.001). </p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study showed that the pain complaint increases as the blood pressure and weight increase. Also, the pain threshold decreases as the heart rate increases. The pain threshold was lower in women than in men, independent of tension.</p>Tuba Tülay KocaDuygun AykanEjder BerkBurhan Fatih KoçyiğitBurhan Güçmen
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2023-02-142023-02-144423224010.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.02GROUND GLASS OPACITIES: SIGN OF CAUTION IN TYPICAL INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/216
<p>Typical interstitial pneumonia (IP) is mainly the fibrotic form of interstitial lung disease. In some cases with typical IP, a certain amount of ground-glass opacity (GGO) can be detected on high-resolution computed tomography, however, some important issues, such as the co-existence of GGO and typical IP, still require further investigation by biopsy. After the diagnosis of typical IP, anti-fibrosis treatment is usually considered. Here, we hypothesized that GGO in typical IP could be a manifestation of an acute inflammatory attack requiring immunosuppressive therapy or an indicator of ongoing contact with trigger factors that initiate pathological reactions in typical IP.</p>Mehmet Engin TezcanSevtap Acer Kasman
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2023-02-142023-02-144424124410.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.03AN EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LONG COVID
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/217
<p>An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) can provide a window into the latent dimensions of a disease, such as Long COVID. Discovering the latent factors of Long COVID enables researchers and clinicians to better conceptualize, study and treat this disease. In this study, participants were recruited from social media sites dedicated to COVID and Long COVID. Among the 480 participants, those who completed at least 90% of the survey, reported symptoms for two or more months since COVID-19 symptom onset, and had not been hospitalized for COVID were used in the EFA. The mean duration since initial symptom onset was 74.0 (37.3) weeks. A new questionnaire called The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-COVID was used to assess self-reports of the frequency and severity of 38 Long COVID symptoms experienced over the most recent month. The most burdensome symptoms were “Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental activities (also known as Post-Exertional Malaise),” “Fatigue/extreme tiredness,” “Difficulty thinking and/or concentrating,” “Sleep problems,” and “Muscle aches.” The EFA resulted in a three-factor model with factors labeled General, PEM/Fatigue/Cognitive Dysfunction, and Psychological, consisting of 16, 6, and 3 items respectively (25 items in total). The reliability of the items in the EFA was .90 using a split-half reliability test. Finally, participant self-reported level of functional impairment was analyzed across the three EFA factors. Interpretations and applications to research and practice are provided.</p>Joseph A. DorriLeonard A. Jason
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2023-02-142023-02-144424525610.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.04OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING — “SO NEAR AND YET SO FAR”
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/218
<p>Scientific knowledge needs to be widely disseminated across the globe, for it to be critically analyzed or to be built upon for future studies. The conventional publication model has been less accessible due to prohibitive subscription costs and hence the need arose for the open access model where the readers would have free access. The Open Science movement is not only about open-access journals but also includes open source, open data and methodology, open peer review, open-access indexing, and archiving. The prototype open access model is the gold model where researchers (themselves or supported by grants or funding agencies) pay certain article processing charges and the readers have free access to the content without any restrictions. Additionally, there is a need for free-to-use open-access platforms or repositories like PubMed Central to archive the open-access content. Institutional repository is another way for collecting, archiving, and distributing the scholarly contents of an academic institution. Preprint servers allow archiving manuscripts before they are submitted to or undergo review for publication, and they offer an important platform for freely sharing knowledge. While open-access model looks attractive, it has its challenges. Currently, the change to open-access model has meant the transfer of the financial burden, earlier borne by the readers, to the authors in the form of APCs. Irrespective of the model, there is a need to reconsider the high subscription costs and the article processing charges which are often prohibitive for many. Science must be accessible to the researchers and the public at a reasonable cost without delay.</p>Sham SanthanamMohit Goyal
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2023-02-142023-02-144425726210.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.05DYSTOPIAN CASES OF ORCID IDENTIFIERS: ANIMAL-ASSOCIATED ACCOUNTS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/219
<p>DYSTOPIAN CASES OF ORCID IDENTIFIERS: ANIMAL-ASSOCIATED ACCOUNTS</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2023-02-142023-02-144426326910.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.06SOCIAL MEDIA IN SCIENCE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/220
<p>Day by day, social media are entering our lives changing our every-day life and habits. This could not leave science unaffected. Over the last years, a lot of scientists have started using social media, exchanging ideas and sharing knowledge. Scientific journals have also followed being active participators in the social media world. In this opinion article we provide some arguments about the positive role of social media in the life of a scientist, highlighting at the same time the caveats that are encountered. </p>Chrysoula G GialouriGeorge E Fragoulis
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2023-02-142023-02-144427027410.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.07MY LIFE AS A VITAMIN D RESEARCHER
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/221
<p>MY LIFE AS A VITAMIN D RESEARCHER</p>William B Grant
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2023-02-142023-02-144427527810.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.4.08DIFFERENCES IN BEHÇET’S DISEASE PHENOTYPE ACCORDING TO SEX: HYPOTHESES AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/196
<p>Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis affecting both arteries and veins. Although the disease affects both sexes equally, males and females may express different phenotypes. The exact association between sex-related factors and BD phenotype is not clear, while many factors, such as genetic factors, hormones, and environmental and epigenetic factors may be the underlying factors of sex-related differences. This article summarizes the current literature focusing on the underlying factors determining differences in BD phenotype according to sex.</p>Hafize Emine SönmezEzgi Deniz Batu
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2022-11-142022-11-144415415910.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.01ETHICS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH AND PUBLISHING
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/197
<p>This review aims to provide a concise argument on the importance of ethics in scientific endeavors. Consideration should be given to all aspects of a research project, including, study design, approval process, execution, and publication. In addition, parameters such as human roles in research and human rights are noted. Furthermore, critical questions such as confidentiality, beneficence, and non-maleficent research are emphasized. Apart from the significance of data analysis, the adverse consequences of unethical behaviors such as plagiarism, data falsification, and research bias are investigated.</p>Hamid GhaderiEhsan Shamsi GooshkiEstie Kruger
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2022-11-142022-11-144416016910.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.02YOUTUBE AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 VACCINE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/198
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> YouTube is a very important source of information. The videos in YouTube provide a message with information. The purpose of this article was to assess the main message of available materials about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on YouTube.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, the four search terms "COVID-19 vaccine", "COVID-19 vaccination", "Coronavirus vaccine", "Coronavirus vaccination" were scanned on the YouTube (www.youtube.com) media platform on 9 February 2021. We examined video parameters i.e., durations, view counts, likes, dislikes, comments, messages and sources of the 83 videos about COVID-19 vaccine.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The messages were defined as 52 (62.6%) positive, 12 (14.5%) negative, and 17 (20.5%) ambiguous about getting vaccinated. Significant differences were determined between the message category groups in respect of the like ratio (p = 0.014). Positive group videos were less liked.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> More negative messages about the COVID-19 vaccine were found in media-sourced videos. Negative and ambiguous videos were more attractive to YouTube users. Scientists, policymakers, and community leaders should play a role in disseminating information about COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination.</p>Erhan KayaMikail ÖzdemirHüseyin ÜçerBurhan Fatih Koçyiğit
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2022-11-142022-11-144417017510.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.03DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PSYCHOMETRIC ATTRIBUTES OF THE "PHYSICIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD ESTABLISHING PERSONAL AND FRIENDLY COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS" SCALE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/200
<p>The physician-patient communication is one of the most important forms of communication in the health system. If this communication loses its moral aspects for different reasons, it will lead to mistrust. Therefore, this research was conducted to design and evaluate the psychometric attributes of the "Physicians' attitudes toward establishing personal and friendly communication with patients" scale. The present methodological research was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, conventional content analysis was used. In the second phase, the terms of the questionnaire were developed using the results of the qualitative part. In the third stage, the psychometric attributes of the questionnaire were determined using face validity, content, and reliability of internal consistency and stability. The score of all items of the questionnaire using the effective item selection method was more than 1.5. The CVR of 15 items was more than 0.62 and the CVI of all items was higher than 0.79. Cronbach's alpha of 0.749 was obtained to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire using SPSS-v24 software. The used questionnaire has appropriate internal validity and reliability. Based on the results, there was no comprehensive and unified attitude towards establishing personal and friendly relations between a physician and a patient among experts.</p>Fatemeh HajibabaeeAtefeh AbdolkarimiMir Saeed YekaninejadHadis AshrafizadehAmirahmad Shojaei
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2022-11-142022-11-144417618610.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.04REVIEW: RESEARCH INTEREST SCORE IN RESEARCHGATE: THE SILVER BULLET OF SCIENTOMETRICS OR THE EMPEROR’S NEW CLOTHES?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/201
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Scientists have long searched for the best way to evaluate scientific performance and have come up with numerous indices. Probably, the most famous index is the h-index, a metric that has been used widely in science metrics ever since it appeared. In this study, I evaluated the potential of the new metric <em>Research Interest</em> <em>Score</em> created by ResearchGate (RG).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>I analyzed the different metric indices for 88 most cited researchers at the University of Sarajevo. In particular, the number of citations and h-indexes were taken from the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for these researchers and were correlated with their Research Interest Scores. As a measure of correlation, Pearson correlation coefficients was used. In addition, I conducted a regression analysis to examine how scientometric indices from the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar predict the <em>Research Interest Score</em>. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The <em>Research Interest Score</em> was most strongly correlated with the number of Google Scholar Citations, followed by the Web of Science citations. Interestingly, the <em>Research Interest Score</em> was not highly correlated with any of the h-indexes. The regression model was statistically significant and explained 90% of the variance in the Research Interest Scores predicted by the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar metric indices. The strongest predictor of the <em>Research Interest</em> <em>Score</em> was the number of Google Scholar citations.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The <em>Research Interest Score</em>, a new scientometric measure created by ResearchGate, certainly has a potential to be used as a valid measure of scientific impact.</p>Haris Memisevic
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2022-11-142022-11-144418719110.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.05UNIVERSAL HUMAN-CENTERED HEALTH COVERAGE IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/203
<p>The article discusses the necessity to strengthen action to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), which has been slowed down by the COVID-19 pandemic, considering policy concepts. The dynamics of the UHC index in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for 2000-2019 is regarded. Several global activities for the development of primary health care and UHC in Kazakhstan are described, confirming the possibility of effective usage of political power to promote the ideas of primary health care, and this experience should be taken into account by other countries around the world.</p>Nurlan N. BrimkulovGulnara Zh. KapanovaSundetgali B. KalmakhanovAidana R. SagitovaKurmanjan E. Bucaraeva
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2022-11-142022-11-144419219610.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.06FROM HIPPOCRATIC OATH TO DECLARATION OF GENEVA: THE EVOLUTION OF ETHICAL VALUES IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/204
<p>FROM HIPPOCRATIC OATH TO DECLARATION OF GENEVA: THE EVOLUTION OF ETHICAL VALUES IN MEDICAL PRACTICE</p>Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos
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2022-11-142022-11-144419720010.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.07MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER, EDITOR AND MENTOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/205
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER, EDITOR AND MENTOR</p>Mohammad Abdollahi
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2022-11-142022-11-144420120410.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.08CONDUCTING RESEARCH: IS IT ROCKET SCIENCE?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/206
<p>CONDUCTING RESEARCH: IS IT ROCKET SCIENCE?</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2022-11-142022-11-144420520710.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.09CAN PULMONARY SURFACTANT PROTEINS BE RELIABLE INDICATORS OF COVID-19-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY INJURY?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/173
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic is still raging all over the world. New variants of the coronavirus emerge and infect recovered from previous infections, vaccinated, and unvaccinated subjects. One aspect remains unchanged that is the lungs are the main targets of the pandemic coronavirus. This challenging situation requires the search for reliable predictive markers of severe and complicated course of the disease. Serum surfactant proteins are known to correlate with pulmonary injury severity in numerous diseases. Measurement of such protein levels may help timely predict the risk. Surfactant proteins can also be helpful diagnostic purposes in COVID-19.</p>Yuliya FedorchenkoOlena Zimba
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2022-08-042022-08-0444919710.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.01INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AS A PLAUSIBLE CAUSE OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A HYPOTHESIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/174
<p>Patients with chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder, known as interstitial cystitis (IC), tend to have autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and, rarely, systemic sclerosis (SSc). SLE patients with IC are prone to present with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Lower urinary tract involvement is less usual in SSc but OAB symptoms are quite common among SSc patients with lower urinary tract involvement. The underlying mechanisms of lower urinary tract involvement, including OAB, in SSc could be as follows: i) vasculopathy, ii) fibrosis and/or sclerosis of bladder wall, iii) systemic sclerosis-associated myopathy, and iv) autonomic dysfunction. However, the role of IC leading to OAB is unclear. This hypothesis suggests that in patients with SSc, OAB may be associated with IC.</p>Neslihan Gokcen
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2022-08-042022-08-04449810210.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.02YOUTUBE AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT GONORRHEA
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/176
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of videos on YouTube related to gonorrhea.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using the search term “gonorrhea”, the first 200 relevant videos on YouTube were saved to a file. All video parameters, including the number of views, likes, dislikes and comments were recorded. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to evaluate the quality of the videos.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> After exclusions, 144 videos were selected and evaluated by two independent observers. The median duration of the videos was calculated as 3.97 minutes. Most videos were provided by physicians (59 videos). According to the GQS scores, 47.9% (n=69) of the videos were evaluated as high quality, 19.4% (n=28) as intermediate quality, and 32.6% (n=47) as low quality. There were significant differences in video length between the high, intermediate, and low-quality groups (p<0.001).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> YouTube can be considered an important source of gonorrhea videos.</p>Erhan KayaYavuzalp SolakBurhan Fatih Koçyiğit
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2022-08-042022-08-044410311010.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.03ANALYSIS OF RETRACTED PUBLICATIONS FROM KAZAKHSTAN
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/177
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Retraction is a mechanism to prevent the dissemination of erroneous, misleading, or biased data and information. Various factors can cause retraction. In this article, we focused on Kazakhstan data and aimed to present an analysis of retracted publications from Kazakhstan.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Data for this descriptive cross-sectional article were obtained from the 'Retraction Watch’ database without time restriction. Among the country selections, 'Kazakhstan,' 'Tajikistan,' 'Uzbekistan,' 'Kyrgyzstan,' and 'Turkmenistan' were chosen, and the number of retracted articles was recorded. For detailed analysis, Kazakhstan data were focused on and further analyses were performed on Kazakhstan data. Article title, authors, time interval (in days) from publication to retraction, date of retraction, source of publication, subject area of publication, publication type, and retraction reason were recorded in an Excel file.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The number of retracted publications was detected as 64 from Kazakhstan, 49 from Tajikistan, 17 from Uzbekistan, 12 from Kyrgyzstan, and 1 from Turkmenistan. Kazakhstan data were as follows: The median time interval between publication date and retraction date was 475 (46 - 2074) days. Retraction reasons were listed as: Plagiarism (n = 22), peer review issues (n = 21), duplication (n = 11), author disagreements and conflict (n = 5), error (n = 5), fraud (n = 2), ethical issues ( n = 1), publication issues (n = 1), and unknown (n = 1). The three areas with the most retracted articles were engineering (n = 22), education (n = 21), and technology (n = 12).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Kazakhstan was first among the five Central Asian countries in terms of the number of retracted publications. Plagiarism, peer review issues, and duplication were at the forefront of the retraction reasons. There is a need for approaches to increase the knowledge of researchers in Kazakhstan about the retraction reasons and ethical research conditions.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet Akyol
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2022-08-042022-08-044411111810.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.04PEERING, VIEWING AND REVIEWING: WHAT MAKES A PEER REVIEW GOOD
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/178
<p>Peer review is an integral part of an ethical scientific publication process. Though not perfect, it has not been replaceable in the last couple of centuries since the advent of scientific journals. Recent innovations include online anonymized credits for peer review that can be used to augment an academician’s resume. Submissions and retraction are ever growing, increasing the demands from peer reviewers. The rewards may not seem commensurate but any person of science should contribute to peer review as a guardian of science. This short review looks at the ideal peer review along with inherent challenges. It makes suggestions on how novice and intermediate reviewers can improve their contributions as well as introduces various resources relevant for peer review.</p>MohiniSakir Ahmed
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2022-08-042022-08-044411912410.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.05INFLUENCE OF CITATION PRACTICES ON ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/179
<p>In writing scientific papers, proper citation and referencing are crucial and thereby should be taught to graduate students and novice researchers as tools for counteracting the pervasive errors in citing, quoting, and referencing. Although the relevance of citation counts and derived indicators such as the h-index in assessing research performance is out of question, this emphasis has resulted in an “impact or perish” culture featuring post-production misrepresentation and related misbehaviors. Herein, I appraise the use of citations in academic assessment, citations in original vs. review articles, convenience and country of origin biases, and some related issues. The current landscape highlights that formal instruction on citation practices and their implications should be included in graduate programs and enduringly reinforced by mentors in laboratories.</p>Horacio Rivera
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2022-08-042022-08-044412512910.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.06THE BLARING SILENCE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/180
<p>THE BLARING SILENCE</p>Paulami Deshmukh
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2022-08-042022-08-044413013210.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.07MY LIFE AS A STUDENT AND RESEARCHER
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/181
<p>MY LIFE AS A STUDENT AND RESEARCHER</p>Pankti Mehta
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2022-08-042022-08-044413313710.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.08MAY AUTHORS’ PUBLISHED ARTICLES LAST FOREVER!
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/182
<p>MAY AUTHORS’ PUBLISHED ARTICLES LAST FOREVER!</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2022-08-042022-08-044413814010.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.2.09CYTOKINES AS POTENTIAL MARKERS OF COVID-19 SEVERITY AND OUTCOMES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/141
<p>The continual propagation of SARS-CoV-2 has changed health care systems globally. Ranging degrees of clinical severity in COVID-19 patients have been noted in numerous literature sources. Cytokines play a crucial role in the development of key immunological processes in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 causes imbalance of the immune system and might culminate in cytokine storm and multiple organ involvement. The prevailing role of some special cytokines might serve as indicators of disease severity. Further stratification of patients in the context of specific cytokines can be beneficial for diagnosing disease stages. It can prevent critical states owing to timely diagnosis and targeted therapy. Targeting peculiar cytokines can markedly reduce complications. The aim of this article is to comprehensively overview the role of the main cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis and distinguish prognostic factors. Insights into specific cytokine involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis may open new avenues for diagnosing hyperinflammatory COVID-19, predicting its outcomes and providing individualized cytokine-targeted therapeutic approaches.</p>Yuliya FedorchenkoOlena Zimba
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2022-03-292022-03-2944102010.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.01SEASONAL VARIATIONS AND BEHÇET’S DISEASE ACTIVITY
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/143
<p>Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with mucocutaneous manifestations such as recurrent oral ulcers and genital ulcers in addition to major organ involvements including the vascular and central nervous systems. Many studies have found that the prevalence of clinical symptoms of BD varies by geographical region. The course of BD is characterized by relapses and remissions. Infectious agents and altered microbiomes have been blamed for exacerbations of the disease. Stress, physical exhaustion, mechanical oral trauma, and hormonal effects have been specifically associated with flare-ups. A seasonal pattern in the activation of certain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, has been reported. However, the relationship, if any, between the seasonal changes and the symptoms and organ involvements of BD has yet to be determined. In this review, we discussed whether clinical findings in BD patients are related to the seasons in terms of activation.</p>Döndü Üsküdar CansuCengiz Korkmaz
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2022-03-292022-03-2944212610.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.02SMOKING AND BUERGER’S DISEASE: FROM HYPOTHESES TO EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/144
<p>Early after the definition of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), it was noticed that TAO patients are almost always tobacco smokers. Later on, the relationship between continued smoking and TAO prognosis was documented. Consequently, smoking came to be considered as the main cause of TAO. However, it is still unknown why, amongst millions of smokers, only a small number develop TAO. It also remains unknown why, of the TAO patients who continue smoking, only half of them show aggravation and undergo amputations. The aims of this review are to investigate evidence in support of or against the relationship between TAO and smoking, according to the TAO-related literature published from 1908 to January 2022, and to discover the possible role of smoking in TAO pathophysiology. Taken together, it appears that smoking predisposes TAO patients toward the potential harmful effects of the main aetiology and helps the main aetiology to develop vascular lesions. Therefore, smoking cessation would almost always be helpful for improving the prognosis of TAO patients and reducing disease manifestation. However, concluding that smoking is not the main aetiology of TAO would open a new door to finding the true main aetiology of TAO and to discovering the appropriate treatment and medical management of patients who fail to stop smoking.</p>Bahare FazeliMitra Masoudian
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2022-03-292022-03-2944273710.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.03A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR POST-ACUTE SEQUELAE OF SARS CoV-2 INFECTION
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/146
<p>This study aimed to contribute to the development of a research case definition for post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PASC) using a PASC data set and experiences from case definitions developed for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Our database included patients with PASC who provided self-report symptomology during the onset of infection and the time of survey completion (post-infection). We found that we could distinguish between those with mild, moderate, and severe PASC. Regarding the proportion meeting an ME/CFS case definition, we found 0% in the mildly impaired group, 30.6% to 62.6% in the moderately impaired group, and 74.3% to 89.0% in the severely impaired group. Based on these preliminary data, we propose a 5-part classification system for PASC. Axis 1 involves the variant of the COVID infection and the type of documentation of the infection. Axis 2 involves the time elapsed since infection. Axis 3 involves the type of medical collateral damage to different organs. Axis 4 involves functional impairment classified into three categories: mild, moderate, or severe. Finally, Axis 5 is the identified symptoms. Finally, if the patient has been sick for 6 or more months, it is important to determine whether the person has met the ME/CFS criteria. This proposed 5-part classification system for PASC might bring considerable clarity to diagnosing PASC. </p>Leonard A. JasonMohammed F. Islam
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2022-03-292022-03-2944385110.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.04PLAGIARISM AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS: A PRIMER ON RESPONSIBLE SCIENTIFIC WRITING
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/147
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Plagiarism, in simple words meaning theft of ideas or text, is a grave scientific misconduct that is talked about frequently, however is notable in its conspicuous absence from the formal educational curriculum. Students and young researchers tend to engage in this malpractice, intentionally or unintentionally, due to various reasons.</p> <p><strong>Aim</strong>: In this review, we aim to discuss a clear concept about plagiarism from its origin to its consequences, with special considerations about its status in the COVID-19 pandemic. This lucid conceptualization will help young authors invest in original research in terms of both the idea and the script, avoiding unnecessary rejections and breach in medical ethics.</p> <p><strong>Search Strategy</strong>: An electronic search strategy was performed on MEDLINE using the following keywords: “Plagiarism” OR “Plagiarism AND reasons” OR “Plagiarism AND consequences OR retractions” OR “Plagiarism AND detection”.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Of 2112 articles obtained, 36 were selected for the review. The main reasons for this malpractice were pressure for publication under a limited time frame along with a lack of training for scientific writing.</p> <p>The forms of plagiarism observed include intentional and unintentional, theft of ideas, copying verbatim, graphics, self-plagiarism and translational plagiarism. Use of various software are available for detection of plagiarism like iThenticate, Turnitin Feedback Studio, Grammarly etc along with careful reviewing by authors, reviewers and editors can detect this menace and help maintain originality in science. The consequences can be severe, ranging from defamation to monetary to legal action against the authors. Conducting interactive workshops on scientific writing along with promoting creativity in thought at the level of grass-root education is the key to preventing the scientific misconduct of plagiarism amongst students and young researchers.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Plagiarism is a serious scientific misconduct that must be discussed with students and young researchers, and its prevention is the key to fostering growth in medical science and academics.</p>Pankti MehtaSayan Mukherjee
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2022-03-292022-03-2944526210.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.05HOSPITAL-MEDIA RELATIONSHIP AND PATIENTS’ PRIVACY: CODIFYING THE ETHICAL GUIDELINE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/149
<p>The hospital-media relationship could be mutually beneficial. Appealing to maximum readers and surviving in business are priorities in journalism. Without adherence to an ethical framework and main ethical principles including privacy and confidentiality, some detrimental impacts may occur. Thus, we aimed at codifying an ethical guideline for hospital-media relationship in Iran to maintain a proper and ethical relationship by emphasizing on patients’ privacy and confidentiality. The study was performed using the qualitative approach in two phases. The current policies and relevant reports in the literature were reviewed and their contents were analyzed. Subsequently, the first draft of the guideline was codified which was followed by the second phase in which the draft was finalized by two focus groups. Finally, a draft of an ethical guideline consisting of 79 articles in 6 themes was developed including the general principles, work flow in hospital-media relationship, duties of hospital representative, physicians’ guide, media guide, and patients’ guide. The guideline focuses on patients’ privacy, confidentiality and the privacy of the healthcare system in mutual hospital-media relationships. It is suggested that by implementing the guideline, the patients’ right would be respected and the public trust to the healthcare system will be fostered.</p>Pooneh SalariMahshad NorooziAlireza Parsapour
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2022-03-292022-03-2944637410.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.06MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/150
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR</p>Takako Kojima
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2022-03-292022-03-2944757810.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.07QUALITY PEER REVIEW IS ESSENTIAL FOR SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/151
<p>QUALITY PEER REVIEW IS ESSENTIAL FOR SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2022-03-292022-03-2944798110.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.08ROLE OF MANUAL THERAPY AND MASSAGE IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROMYALGIA: TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/115
<p>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic rheumatic disease in which pain is predominant and accompanied by fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. Although there are numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives, symptom control is frequently problematic. Manual therapy covers manipulating soft tissue and various joints using the hands. It is organized by mapping of soft tissue structures with rhythmically applied pressure to improve physical function, facilitate daily activities, promote rehabilitation procedures and decrease pain. Massage is generally accepted as an essential component of manual therapy. Stretching and mobilizations are also part of manual therapy. Although numerous beneficial effects of manual therapy and massage on the musculoskeletal system and pain have been proven, the data in FMS patients studies are inconclusive. We hypothesize that manual therapy and massage are beneficial therapeutic options for the control of symptoms of FMS patients. Furthermore, these strategies can be employed in conjunction with well-established and high-evidence therapeutic procedures. Future research should focus on establishing standardized protocols for manual therapy and massage, which is one of the major limitations. To ensure a high level of evidence, research studies with large sample sizes, long follow-up periods and methodologically complete are needed.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet AkyolSerkan Usgu
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2021-12-282021-12-284418218910.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.01NOT JUST CALORIC RESTRICTION: A COMPLEX APPROACH TO PROLONG LIFESPAN AND IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/116
<p>Aging is an urgent healthcare issue in view of the rapid growth of the proportion of older persons. Searching for reliable aging biomarkers and prolonging lifespan are increasingly important scientific directions. Experimental gerontology helps to explore fundamental facts which are not always applicable in clinical scenarios. As an example, caloric restriction is one of the key interventions that prolongs laboratory animals’ lifespan and ameliorates some, but not all, aging biomarkers in humans. Consequences of overeating such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are taking their toll with aging, making caloric restriction a hot topic in gerontology and geriatrics. Nevertheless, caloric restriction is not widely applicable in view of poor adherence to and limitations of strict diets. Drugs mimicking caloric restrictions, the so-called caloric restriction mimetics, are developed to overcome these limitations. Caloric restriction alone is not a panacea since metabolic pathways are complex and not responsive to a single intervention. Fasting and exercising are additional options for reducing effects of excessive intake of calories. Arguably, physical activity significantly improves the quality of life at old age and delays the onset of overt insulin resistance and associated diseases. Thus, developing optimal fasting and exercising schemes is becoming increasingly important. Such interventions are confounded by a number of factors, including circadian and other biorhythms and baseline metabolic activity. It is justifiable to test fasting and exercising in experimental animals to reveal numerous confounding factors. A hypothesis in this article points to the role of complex interventions such as moderate and balanced diet, intermittent fasting, and physical exercise adjusted to circadian rhythms for prolonging life and improving quality of life. The hypothesis may shed light on fundamental mechanisms of aging and perspectives of anti-aging drug therapies.</p>Galina V. Morgunova
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2021-12-282021-12-284419019710.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.02PUBLONS BASED PROFILING OF TURKISH REVIEWERS AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/117
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Publons is the most prestigious and well-organized platform that allows to evaluate peer review metrics. It also provides publication and citation data as it is synchronized with the Web of Science. There are socio-cultural ties between Central Asian countries and Turkey, and these countries can take Turkey as a model for scientific development. Therefore, it will be useful for Central Asian countries to summarize Turkey's Publons activities. In this study, we used Publons database to list the top institutions, researchers and reviewers in Turkey.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Publons database was used to export the data on October 10, 2021. The top 20 researchers were identified in terms of the number of verified reviews. Additionally, the top 20 institutions were determined in terms of the number of researchers, number of verified reviews and top reviewers.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> On Publons, 57464 registered researchers from Turkey were found (ranked 7th) and 484 of these researchers had top reviewer status (ranked 16th). A total of 175644 verified reviews were detected from Turkey-based researchers (ranked 16th) and of which 45835 were performed in the last 12 months (ranked 14th). Based on the total number of researchers, four institutions from Turkey were in the top 100 in the world rankings (Hacettepe University, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, and Cukurova University). There were no institutions from Turkey among the top 100 in the lists created according to the number of verified reviews and top reviewers.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Turkey has a considerable number of researchers registered with Publons. However, Turkey should follow a scientific route in terms of verified reviews. Turkey and Central Asian countries can create scientific collaborations and cooperative projects. Thus, Central Asian countries will benefit from Turkey's experiences.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet Akyol
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2021-12-282021-12-284419820810.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.03MEDICAL HUMANITIES AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPING ETHICS IN MEDICAL GRADUATES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/119
<p>Medicine as a field is unique in the sense that the skill to relate to people weighs heavier on the doctor than the skill required to practise it. Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field that considers issues of health in the context of history, philosophy, social studies, and anthropology among others, enabling students to change their practice from “looking” to “seeing” the patient as a whole. Unfortunately, current medical training is focused on academics with students left on their own to acquire communication and ancillary skills. In the core medical curriculum, a structured training in medical humanities remains lacking. Herein, we discuss the need, student’s perspectives, and the approach going forward in the inculcation of medical humanities in the medical training with a particular focus on medical ethics.</p>Pankti MehtaSakir Ahmed
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2021-12-282021-12-284420921410.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.04PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN THE PUBLISHING ENTERPRISE: FOCUS ON JOURNAL EDITORS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/120
<p>Editors play a central role and form an essential link in the publication process. Consequently, they hold considerable influence as to how the literature is molded, and what eventually gets published. In addition to their standard editorial responsibilities, holding that amount of power, editors have extremely high responsibilities to declare any conflicts of interest (COIs) internal to, and external to, the peer review process, particularly those involving personal relationships and networks. This is because they also exist in the peer community, can be high-profile public figures, and form a very unique and restricted – in terms of size, membership and exclusivity – set of individuals. Consequently, editors need to declare their COIs openly, transparently, and publicly on their editor board profiles, and as part of their curriculum vitae. Without such declarations, the greater risk is that editors might have unregulated freedom to enforce their own individual or group biases, through hidden relationships and networks, including the possibility of hiding instances of favoritism, cronyism and nepotism. In the worst-case scenario, this might reflect editorial corruption. Hidden COIs in authors, which tend to be the focus of the academic publishing establishment, including in codes of conduct and ethical guidelines such as those by COPE and the ICMJE, tend to down-play editorial COIs, or restrict them to scrutiny during the peer review process. This opinion piece examines whether there is a systemic problem with under-reported editorial COIs, particularly personal and non-financial COIs, that extend beyond the peer review process and their editorial positions. Greater awareness, debate, and education of this issue are needed.</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2021-12-282021-12-284421522110.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.05CAN VIRTUE ETHICS BRIDGE EAST AND WEST?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/121
<p>CAN VIRTUE ETHICS BRIDGE EAST AND WEST?</p>Nalakath A. Uvais
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2021-12-282021-12-284422222510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.06THE RESEARCHER
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/122
<p>THE RESEARCHER</p>Urvashi Kumar
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2021-12-282021-12-284422622710.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.07MY LIFE AS A CLINICIAN, RESEARCHER AND EDITOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/123
<p>MY LIFE AS A CLINICIAN, RESEARCHER AND EDITOR</p>Tsvetoslav Georgiev
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2021-12-282021-12-284422823210.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.08WAYS TO IMPROVE VISIBILITY OF PUBLICATIONS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/124
<p>WAYS TO IMPROVE VISIBILITY OF PUBLICATIONS</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2021-12-282021-12-284423323510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.4.09EMBRACING SOCIAL MEDIA FOR GENERATING AND TESTING HYPOTHESES
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/86
<p>EMBRACING SOCIAL MEDIA FOR GENERATING AND TESTING HYPOTHESES</p>Marlen YessirkepovArmen Yuri Gasparyan
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2021-10-052021-10-054413313610.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.01PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION APPROACHES IN THROMBOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/87
<p>An increasing number of publications have supported the determination of thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite prophylactic drug applications, post-COVID-19 thrombosis cannot be completely prevented. Thrombosis becomes a complex problem that is difficult to avoid, particularly in intensive care patients. It is also possible to see cases of thromboembolism secondary to quarantine and home isolation. In addition to the classical pathophysiological mechanisms in Virchow’s triad, more complex processes specific to COVID-19 may also trigger thrombosis. The aims of this review were to describe physical medicine and rehabilitation practices that can be applied in addition to medical recommendations for thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, and to explain the specific features and mechanism of action of these methods. This process, which starts with education sessions, should continue to reduce immobility as much as possible. Personalized exercise programs should be recommended after evaluating the individual’s condition, exercise history, risk of falling, and comorbid diseases. In parallel with technological progress, more innovative devices have been developed and thus mechanical compression methods and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have become available for this purpose. The most important features of physical medicine and rehabilitation practices are the relatively low cost and the low incidence of complications.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet Akyol
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2021-10-052021-10-054413714510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.02ROLE OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE PREVENTION OF INFECTION AND SEVERE COURSE IN COVID-19: TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/88
<p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the normal activities of various settings, including clinics, laboratories, and libraries. As the world deals with the fast-mutating causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the search for the best vaccine candidate, efforts towards repurposing existing molecules to save lives must continue. Considerable interest has centered around the implications of vitamin D deficiency and its supplementation on the outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation has the potential to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe COVID-19 course. Various animal, human observational as well as interventional studies have shown a protective role of vitamin D in COVID-19. More robustly designed studies where vitamin D is supplemented prophylactically and administered to those already infected are needed to determine the precise contribution of this supplementation in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and modifying the course of COVID-19.</p>Mohit GoyalNeha Goyal
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2021-10-052021-10-054414615210.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.03DYNAMICS OF CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE EFFECT OF QUARANTINE АND BEYOND
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/89
<p>Monitoring epidemic processes and the dynamics of the spread of infectious diseases is essential for predicting their distribution and effective planning in healthcare. The importance of studying seasonal trends in the spread of respiratory viral infections and the specific effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in nationwide scales and the use of available vaccines stand out even more in the context of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even if the dynamics of pediatric respiratory viral infections show some variation at the national and local levels, depending on health regulation, respiratory viral pathogens follow a typical pattern of incidence. Therefore, we hypothesize that anticipated reduction of the incidence of common respiratory viral infections would undoubtedly exert positive effects, such as ease of burdening healthcare that combates the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we suspect a shift in familiar seasonal characteristics of common respiratory viral infections. We also speculate that strict long-term limitations of the natural spread of respiratory viral infections can lead to the development of hard-to-predict epidemiological outliers. Additionally, the tricky balance between humanity’s natural impulse to return to normalcy and control the new and still dynamically evolving infection could lead to new threats from old and well-known pathogens. Finally, we hypothesize that the absence of regular influenza virus circulation may lead to a high mismatch rate and a significant reduction in flu vaccine efficacy.</p>Snezhina LazovaTsvetelina Velikova
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2021-10-052021-10-054415316110.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.04UPDATES ON INFORMATION REGARDING THE DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS PLATFORM MAY INCREASE ITS RELIABILITY
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/90
<p>The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a leading whitelist of open access journals (OAJs), that is, OAJs that are presumably safe to publish in, or scholarly, because they follow best practices established by COPE/DOAJ/OASPA/WAME. Academics rely on the DOAJ to select OAJs of choice, and filter for particular needs, for example, English-only or no article processing charges. A search of DOAJ-indexed OAJs publishing work on ornamental research identified five OAJs, but 60% of them had incorrect and thus misleading information. The ‘last update’ of all five OAJs were outdated. The DOAJ must ensure that indexed OAJs have updated information. The Editors of OAJs also bear responsibility.</p>Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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2021-10-052021-10-054416216510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.05MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDUCATOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/91
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDUCATOR</p>Tsvetelina Velikova
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2021-10-052021-10-054416616910.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.06ONLINE MEETINGS DURING THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/92
<p>ONLINE MEETINGS DURING THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2021-10-052021-10-054417017210.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.3.07ALTMETRICS AND CITATION METRICS AS COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS FOR RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/63
<p>The quality and impact of scholarly articles are traditionally evaluated using metrics that put citation counts at the center. In the era of digitization, advanced online platforms and social media have transformed the dissemination of scientific information results and introduced new metrics for evaluating the influence of scholarly outputs and planning research studies. Alternative metrics (altmetrics) have emerged as tools for immediate measuring of scholarly outputs upon their online publication and dissemination through numerous online platforms, including social media channels. The Altmetrtic Attention Score by Altmetric.com has gained its global importance as an integral indicator for evaluation of constantly changing societal influence of individual articles. To a large extent, this and other social media metrics complement established citation metrics, allowing to visualize and predict implications at early stages of post-publication promotion. This article overviews characterstics of various altmetric tools and their growing roles for planning and evaluating scientific research.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet Akyol
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2021-07-032021-07-0344798410.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.01GOUT AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN DIET
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/64
<p>Patients with gout are advised to follow a certain diet. The search for healthy eating habits continues. This overview aims to explore the impact of the Central Asian diet on the development and course of hyperuricemia and gout and to propose related preventive measures. We processed English articles reflecting on the impact of the Central Asian diet on the development of gout and the frequency of gout attacks. Central Asian dishes such as lagman, pilaf, and manty are distinguished for high nutritional value and abundance of saturated fats, red meat, and trans fats. Moderate consumption of Central Asian traditional dishes is advisable to prevent weight gain and gout attacks. Patients with gout are additionally encouraged to consume low-calorie and non-fat products and regularly intake fruits and vegetables during meals. Patients with gout should be provided with information about a healthy diet and lifestyle. More evidence-based studies are warranted to provide better quality guidance on gout prevention and treatment.</p>Margarita A. GromovaVladimir V. TsurkoAnna S. Melekhina
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2021-07-032021-07-0344859010.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.02AVASCULAR NECROSIS DUE TO CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY IN COVID-19 AS A SYNDEMIC
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/65
<p>To date, over 163 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 3.3 million deaths from COVID-19 have been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there is still no specific treatment for the disease. Some empirical and supportive medications have been used thus far, including antivirals, antipyretics, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications that are used to treat several diseases. These agents can produce undesirable and occasionally severe systemic adverse effects. Although the occurrence and severity of most adverse effects are related to the dose and duration of the corticosteroid therapy, avascular necrosis is not directly associated with this dose and duration, and may occur without osteoporosis. Corticosteroids are not recommended for routine use in COVID-19 patients by the WHO. However, these medications have been widely used for their treatment. Avascular necrosis is a progressive and incapacitating condition. The causes of avascular necrosis are categorized into traumatic and non-traumatic. The majority of non-traumatic cases are associated with the use of corticosteroids. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial owing to the rapidly progressive nature of the disease. Severe COVID-19 patients are at risk of avascular necrosis due to corticosteroid therapy. The hypothesis presented herein suggests that hyperbaric oxygenation in combination with adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation and individualized exercise may be an effective, safe, and noninvasive treatment modality, preventing from the progression of avascular necrosis.</p>Serkan ErgözenEgemen Kaya
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2021-07-032021-07-0344919510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.03AUTOIMMUNE MYELOFIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: EXCEPTIONALLY RARE OR UNDERRECOGNIZED?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/66
<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which may involve several organs or organ systems. SLE may also have hematological as well as joint, kidney, and central nervous system involvements. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are the best-known and most common hematological findings detected in SLE patients which are included in the classification criteria for SLE. Autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF) refers to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis (myelofibrosis) that develops in an autoimmune setting. Myelofibrosis is not among the SLE classification criteria and it is also not well-known. Current reports in the literature on SLE-associated AIMF are mostly restricted to case reports or reviews of such case reports. The occurrence of BM fibrosis in SLE patients has been explored merely in few studies which concluded that myelofibrosis is a rare symptom of SLE. Herein, we propose the hypothesis that SLE-associated AIMF is not rare and, on the contrary, it can indeed be more frequent than what is known or expected.</p>Cansu Döndü ÜsküdarCengiz Korkmaz
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2021-07-032021-07-03449610010.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.04AUTOIMMUNE MYELOFIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS: UNUSUAL OR UNDETECTED?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/67
<p>AUTOIMMUNE MYELOFIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS: UNUSUAL OR UNDETECTED?</p>Misra Durga Prasanna
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2021-07-032021-07-034410110310.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.05PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL THERAPY MAY IMPROVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS-ASSOCIATED FECAL INCONTINENCE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/68
<p>Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is observed in up to 90% of patients. Resolution of some of these gastrointestinal complications is challenging without the support of physical therapy and rehabilitation. One of these complications, SSc-associated fecal incontinence, which can be devastating for those affected, is seen in up to 39%. Studies focusing on fecal incontinence and its treatment are scarce. The hypothesis presented herein suggests that pelvic floor muscle exercise, biofeedback therapy, and neuromodulation methods might be effective and safe treatment strategies for patients affected by this debilitating complication.</p>Neslihan Gokcen
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2021-07-032021-07-034410410810.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.06HOME-BASED PALLIATIVE CARE VIA SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/69
<p>HOME-BASED PALLIATIVE CARE VIA SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC</p>Irfan KarahanGozde Sengul Aycicek
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2021-07-032021-07-034410911110.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.07BLACK AND WHITE; GREEN, GOLD AND PLATINUM: THE COLOURS OF PUBLISHING!
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/70
<p>BLACK AND WHITE; GREEN, GOLD AND PLATINUM: THE COLOURS OF PUBLISHING!</p>Sakir Ahmed
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2021-07-032021-07-034411211510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.08MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/71
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR</p>Sakir Ahmed
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2021-07-032021-07-034411612010.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.09IS VITAMIN D CAPABLE OF HELPING US RECOVER FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/72
<p>IS VITAMIN D CAPABLE OF HELPING US RECOVER FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?</p>Ilke Coskun Benlidayi
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2021-07-032021-07-034412112310.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.2.10HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/38
<p>HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</p>Marlen YessirkepovBekaidar NurmashevArmen Yuri Gasparyan
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2021-04-022021-04-0244101310.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.01OPEN ACCESS, RESEARCH COMMUNITIES, AND A DEFENSE AGAINST PREDATORY JOURNALS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/39
<p>In this opinion article, the author describes his experiences of naming, listing, and analyzing predatory journals. The gold open-access model has led to the creation of many predatory journals that exist only to exploit researchers. Medical research is the most valuable research for humans, so we must guard against the publishing of medical research in predatory journals. Community-based journals that combine a geographical and a disciplinary focus may be seen as a defense against the pathological nature of predatory publishers.</p>Jeffrey Beall
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2021-04-022021-04-0244141710.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.02DISCLOSURE OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN BIOMEDICAL PUBLICATIONS IN VIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS RECOMMENDATIONS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/41
<p>As potential conflicts of interest (COI) are common in biomedical research, handling related issues and managing disclosures is increasingly important. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) revised its guidance on COI in 2019 and introduced the latest version of the COI Disclosure Form in 2021. These documents provide guidance regarding COI policy for ICMJE member and non-member journals. The 2019 revision overviews the main changes in the ICMJE policy. The ICMJE prioritizes appropriate COI disclosures by authors and all others involved in scholarly publishing. Increasing the global awareness of the COI updated policies among all stakeholders is essential for strengthening ethical standing of journals.</p>Takako Kojima
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2021-04-022021-04-0244182210.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.03BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS CONFRONTING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/42
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global challenge to be confronted by the biomedical community. This article aimed to explore how knowledgeable and competent researchers may contribute to fighting the pandemic, and to discuss the ethics and impact of this endeavor. Many medical researchers and in particular clinical practitioners are engaged in collecting new evidence and creating new knowledge by undertaking pandemic-related research. This research is frequently unplanned, and subsequently numerous obstacles to starting new but necessary studies must be overcome. To contribute research evidence in hard times represents a highly ethical move. Moreover, these new studies need ethical approvals, financial resources, and institutional frameworks. Another pandemic-related challenge is how to generate expert opinions during the period when solid evidence is missing. Unlike research studies providing necessary scientific evidence, expert opinions do not need ethical approvals or disclosures of competing interests. The apparent contrast of evidence-based versus opinion-based decision-making during the pandemic reconfirms that quality research studies have no alternatives at all times.</p>Srećko Gajović
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2021-04-022021-04-0244232810.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.04INFECTION-ACQUIRED VERSUS VACCINE-INDUCED IMMUNITY AGAINST COVID-19
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/43
<p>The course of COVID-19 depends on a dynamic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host's immune system. Although it is an emerging global health issue, little is known about the specificity, safety, and duration of the immunity elicited by the virus. This hypothesis article explores the benefits of infection-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19, suggesting that the latter outweighs the former. Comparative studies are proposed to explain and reveal all aspects of the immune responses. Although vaccine development relies on studies of naturally acquired immune responses, there are still no comparative analyses of the natural and vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, there are scarce reports on the characteristics of both types of responses. The scientific facts about the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 affecting the immune system are of great importance for proposed comparative analyses. Various immunological methods can be employed to elucidate infection-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The safe vaccination of subjects with and without COVID-19 history may disrupt the virus spreading and end the pandemic.</p>Tsvetelina Velikova
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2021-04-022021-04-0244293510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.05ANALYSIS OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COVID-19
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/45
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> YouTube is a popular social media platform frequently searched by online users for retrieving health-related information. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs have an important place in the COVID-19 treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation videos on YouTube.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 180 videos tagged with the search terms “COVID-19 pulmonary rehabilitation”, “COVID-19 pulmonary exercise” and “COVID-19 pulmonary physiotherapy” were retrieved. Of these, 63 videos met the study inclusion criteria. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool were performed for quality and reliability assessments. Duration of video, upload date, number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were recorded. Video sources were determined.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 63 videos, 22 (34.9%) were classified in the high-quality group, 19 (30.2%) intermediate quality group, and 22 (34.9%) low quality group. The main sources of the high-quality videos were universities and physicians. Others, patients, independent users and health related websites produced high rates of low-quality videos. No significant difference was detected in views, likes, dislikes, and comments per day between the quality groups (p > 0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Numbers of high, intermediate and low-quality videos were very close to each other. It is necessary to consider the video sources in order to find videos that contains accurate information. Video parameters other than sources should not be considered as quality indicators.</p>Burhan Fatih KoçyiğitAhmet AkyolAhmet Riza Şahin
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2021-04-022021-04-0244364210.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.06SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER AND BEHÇET’S DISEASE
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/47
<p>Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease, mainly affecting populations originating from the Eastern Mediterranean region. Behçet’s Disease (BD) is grouped in polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. It is a systemic vasculitis that affects all types and sizes of blood vessels. The aim of this article is to shed light on similarities and differences between FMF and BD. BD is frequently reported along the ancient Silk Road, extending from the Far East to the Mediterranean basin. Several studies have searched for the association between FMF and BD. FMF is caused by mutations of the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene while an increased frequency of MEFV mutations is reported in BD patients. Although BD and FMF share some epidemiological and pathophysiological features, there are distinct clinical characteristics of these nosological entities. Mucocutaneous manifestations, especially recurrent oral ulcers, are the most common symptom in BD patients whereas fever accompanied by serosal inflammation is the main clinical presentation in FMF patients.</p>Ummusen Kaya AkcaEzgi Deniz Batu
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2021-04-022021-04-0244435010.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.07SPERMIDINE MAINTAINS TELOMERE LENGTH AND DELAYS AGING
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/48
<p>Spermidine, a natural polyamine, has been noticed for its anti-aging properties. Supplementation of this drug prolongs lifespan and diminishes the incidence of age-related pathology. In the human population, spermidine levels decrease as aging progresses, and a potential link between diminished endogenous spermidine levels and age-related declination has been studied. At the cellular level, autophagy is the prime mode of action of spermidine known to decline with the progress of aging, similarly contributing to the accretion of impaired macromolecules and organelles through aging. Epidemiological statistics support the concept, suggesting that elevated uptake of polyamine delays aging. Here, we overview the effect of autophagy on cellular processes and age-associated diseases, emphasizing the importance of these events to the hallmarks of aging.</p> <p>There are numerous factors like shortening telomere, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and impaired intracellular calcium signaling, which are influenced by the aging process. We hypothesize that spermidine supplements in the diet increase the telomere length. The proposed hypothesis also brings to light the differentially regulated genes involved in telomere maintenance and aging after spermidine treatment. Knowing the role of spermidine in telomere maintenance would help us understand the molecular mechanism of spermidine's effect on aging.</p>Priyanka SharmaRishi Kumar Jaiswal
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2021-04-022021-04-0244515810.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.08RESEARCH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE USE OF CLOUD-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/50
<p>RESEARCH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE USE OF CLOUD-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS</p>Reza PiriAmalie Horstmann Nøddeskou-FinkPoul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
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2021-04-022021-04-0244596110.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.09MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR
https://cajmhe.com/index.php/journal/article/view/51
<p>MY LIFE AS A RESEARCHER AND EDITOR</p>Durga Prasanna Misra
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2021-04-022021-04-0244626510.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.10